A worldwide comparison of regional flood estimation methods and climate

نویسندگان

  • J. R. MEIGH
  • F. A. K. FARQUHARSON
  • J. V. SUTCLIFFE
چکیده

A summary of the results of regional flood frequency analyses that have been carried out in many tropical and sub-tropical countries is presented. The results provide a set of flood estimation methods which should be of immediate usefulness in practical applications, bearing in mind the errors of generalization. By defining the representative values of the mean annual flood and of the flood frequency curves for each region, an attempt has been made to develop relationships between the methods and climatic characteristics. These show that adequate relationships can be obtained based solely on the median annual average rainfall and the median catchment area for the regions. In particular, the steepness of the regional flood frequency curve can be estimated reasonably well from these two parameters. The relationships confirm that, broadly speaking, for humid regions the "average" flood the flood that occurs regularly every one or two years is relatively large, but the flood frequency curve is not very steep; rare floods (occurring once in every 100 to 1000 years) are not very much larger than the average flood. Conversely, in arid regions, the average flood is small, but rare floods can be extremely large multiples of the average. These relationships provide a useful initial indication of the type of regional flood frequency estimation method likely to be found in tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. Comparaison à l'échelle mondiale entre les méthodes régionales d'estimation de crue et le climat Résumé On présente ici un résumé des résultats d'analyses régionales de fréquence des crues appliquées à de nombreux pays tropicaux et sub-tropicaux. Les résultats fournissent un ensemble de méthodes d'estimation des crues qui devraient être d'un intérêt immédiat pour des applications pratiques, tout en gardant à l'esprit les dangers d'une généralisation abusive. En définissant les valeurs représentatives de la crue moyenne annuelle et des distributions de fréquence des crues pour chaque région, on a essayé de mettre en évidence une relation entre les méthodes utilisées et les caractéristiques climatiques. Ceci montre que l'on peut obtenir des relations régionales satisfaisantes basées uniquement sur la médiane de la pluie moyenne annuelle et sur la médiane de la superficie des bassins. En particulier, la pente de la distribution de fréquence régionale peut être assez bien estimée à l'aide de ces deux paramètres. Ces relations confirment qu'en général, pour des régions humides, la crue "moyenne" la crue qui se produit tous les un ou deux ans est relativement importante, mais que la courbe de distribution de fréquence n'est pas très pentue; les crues très rares (qui se produisent tous les 100 ou 1000 ans) ne sont pas beaucoup plus importantes que la crue moyenne. Par contre, dans des régions arides, la crue moyenne est très faible, mais les crues rares peuvent être plusieurs fois plus fortes que la crue moyenne. Ces relations fournissent une première indication sur le type de distribution régionale de fréquence des crues susceptible d'être rencontré dans des régions tropicales ou subtropicales à travers le monde. Open for discussion until I October 1997 226 J. R. Meigh et al.

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تاریخ انتشار 1997